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Migration, gender, and development are closely interconnected processes that shape the economic and social lives of individuals, households, and communities. Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another for employment, education, marriage, security, or better living conditions. Gender influences who migrates, why people migrate, the opportunities available to migrants, the risks they face, and the benefits they receive. Development, in turn, affects migration by creating or limiting employment opportunities, improving infrastructure, changing social relations, and transforming aspirations. Therefore, migration cannot be understood as a gender-neutral process; its causes, experiences, and outcomes differ significantly for women and men. Historically, migration research often treated the household or the individual migrant as gender-neutral. Men were commonly viewed as economic migrants who moved in search of employment, while women were considered dependants who accompanied male migrants. This approach overlooked the large number of women who migrate independently and the important economic contributions they make through paid and unpaid work. The feminisation of migration has become an important feature of contemporary migration patterns. Women increasingly migrate domestically and internationally as workers in agriculture, manufacturing, domestic service, care work, nursing, hospitality, education, and other sectors. Gender influences the decision to migrate. Economic inequality, lack of employment, poverty, limited access to land and productive resources, and unequal wages can encourage women to migrate. At the same time, women may migrate because of marriage, family responsibilities, education, conflict, displacement, or the search for greater personal autonomy. In some societies, restrictive __________ _______ __________ ________ ____ __________ ______ ____ _______ ______.
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