Explain the Rational method of peak runoff estimation. Write its assumptions.

The Rational Method is a widely used technique for estimating peak runoff in small catchments or watersheds, especially for urban drainage design. This method helps in calculating the maximum rate of flow (discharge) that a specific area will experience during a rainfall event. The peak runoff is essential for designing stormwater management systems, such as culverts, drainage channels, and retention basins, ensuring they can handle the flow without causing flooding or erosion.

The formula for the Rational Method is given as:

\[
Q = C \times I \times A
\]

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