Explain the Rational method of peak runoff estimation. Write its assumptions

The Rational Method is one of the simplest and widely used techniques for estimating peak runoff from a watershed or drainage area. It is typically applied for small, urban catchments or for preliminary hydrological design where high accuracy is not crucial. This method estimates the peak discharge (Q) that would occur during a specific rainfall event, based on the rainfall intensity, the area of the catchment, and the characteristics of the watershed.

The formula for the Rational Method is:

Q=C×I×AQ = C \times I \times A

Where:

• Q is the peak runoff (discharge) in cubic meters per second (m³/s),
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