Explain the post-harvest physiology of fruits and vegetables. Describe the compositional changes occur during growth and ripening.

The post-harvest physiology of fruits and vegetables refers to the series of biological processes that continue after the produce is harvested. These processes, including respiration, transpiration, and senescence, play a significant role in determining the quality, shelf life, and nutritional value of harvested crops. Understanding the physiology of fruits and vegetables post-harvest is critical for maintaining freshness, optimizing storage conditions, and minimizing losses.

After harvest, respiration remains one of the most significant processes affecting the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. During respiration, oxygen is consumed, and carbon dioxide, water, and heat are produced. This biochemical activity involves the breakdown of carbohydrates, such as starch and sugars, into simpler compounds like glucose, which releases energy. The rate of respiration is closely linked to temperature and the fruit's maturity. Typically, fruits and vegetables with higher respiration rates, such as bananas or tomatoes, will have a shorter shelf life. High humidity and temperature accelerate respiration, leading to quicker deterioration.

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