Explain the post-harvest physiology of fruits and vegetables. Describe the compositional changes occur during growth and ripening.

Post-harvest physiology refers to the physiological processes that occur in fruits and vegetables after they have been harvested from the plant. Understanding these processes is crucial for maintaining the quality, freshness, and nutritional value of produce during storage, transportation, and marketing. The post-harvest physiology of fruits and vegetables involves complex biochemical and physiological changes influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, gas composition, and ethylene production.

Compositional Changes During Growth and Ripening:

1. Carbohydrates: 
   - During growth, fruits and vegetables accumulate carbohydrates primarily in the form of sugars, such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose. These sugars serve as energy sources for the developing plant.
   - As fruits and vegetables ripen, there is often a breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars, leading to increased sweetness. This ___ ___ __________ ___ _________.
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