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Transition elements show characteristic absorption spectra in UV-Visible spectroscopy due to electronic transitions involving partially filled d-orbitals. In these elements, the most common transitions are d–d transitions, where electrons move between split d-orbitals in a ligand field. These transitions occur because the presence of ligands causes crystal field splitting of d-orbitals into different energy levels. When the energy of UV or visible radiation matches the energy _____ ____ __________ __________ _____ __________ _____ _______ _______.
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