Explain the measurement of intelligence

 Measurement of intelligence by six ways :--

1. IQ: Its Meaning Then and Now:

Originally, the letters IQ stood for intelligence quotient, and a “quotient” is precisely what the scores represented. To obtain an IQ score, an examiner divided a student’s mental age by his or her chronological age, then multiplied this number by 100. For this computation, mental age was based on the number of items a person passed correctly on the test: Test takers received two months’ credit of “mental age” for each item passed.

If an indi­vidual’s mental and chronological ages were equal, an IQ of 100 was obtained; this was considered to be an average score. IQs above 100 indicated that a person’s intellectual age was greater than her or his chronological age—in other words, that the individual was more intelligent than typical students of the same age. In contrast, numbers below 100 indicated that the individual was less intelligent than her or his peers.

Perhaps you can already see one obvious problem with this type of IQ score: At some point, mental growth levels off or stops, while chronological age continues to grow. As a result, IQ scores begin to decline after the early teen years! Partly because of this problem, IQ scores now have a different definition.

They simply reflect an individual’s performance relative to that of persons of the same age who have taken the same test. Thus, an IQ above 100 indicates that the person has scored higher than the average person in her or his age group, while a score below 100 indicates that the person has scored lower than average.

2. The Wechsler Scales:

To overcome this and other problems, David Wechsler devised a set of tests for both children and adults that include ___ _____ _________ ____ ________ _______ ___ _________.
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