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The Lotka-Volterra model is a classical mathematical representation of prey-predator interactions in ecology. It was independently proposed by Alfred J. Lotka and Vito Volterra in the 1920s to describe the dynamics of biological systems in which two species interact, one as a predator and the other as prey. The model is based on several key assumptions: the prey population has unlimited resources and grows exponentially in the absence of predators; predators rely entirely on the prey population for food; the environment does not change, and there is no immigration or emigration; and the interaction between predator and prey is proportional to the _____ _________ _____ ______ ____ _____ ____ ________ ________ ________ ___ _____.
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