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Biodegradation is the natural process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler compounds by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. It involves enzymatic activity that transforms complex and often harmful compounds into less toxic or harmless substances like carbon dioxide, water, and biomass. Bioremediation, on the other hand, is the deliberate application of biodegradation for the removal or neutralization of pollutants from a contaminated site. It involves the use of living organisms, primarily microbes and sometimes plants, to degrade, detoxify, or transform environmental contaminants, thereby restoring the ecosystem’s balance. Both processes are central to the principles of ecology as they maintain the ________ ______ __________ __________ __________ ________ __________ ____ _____ ____.
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