Explain the inventions that may be patented and the ones that may not be patented with reasons?

Under Indian Patent Law, the concept of what constitutes a “patentable invention” is clearly defined in the Patents Act, 1970, particularly under Section 2(1)(j) and Sections 3 and 4. The Act lays down the conditions that an invention must satisfy to qualify for a patent and explicitly enumerates categories that are not considered patentable. A comprehensive understanding of these provisions is crucial to delineate between patentable and non-patentable inventions in the Indian context.

Patentable Inventions under Indian Law

As per Section 2(1)(j) of the Patents Act, 1970, an invention means a new product or process involving an inventive step and capable of industrial application. Thus, an invention must meet the following three essential criteria:

1. Novelty: The invention must be new and not anticipated by any publication or public knowledge anywhere in the world before the date of filing. Any prior disclosure, even by the inventor, can destroy novelty.

2. Inventive Step: Defined under Section 2(1)(ja), an inventive step means a feature of an invention that involves technical advancement as compared to the existing knowledge or has economic significance or both, and that makes the invention non-obvious to a person skilled in the __________ ______ __________ _______ _____ _____ _____ ____ _________.
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