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Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century, influencing natural systems, economies, societies, and health. Among its numerous impacts, the consequences for public health infrastructure are particularly severe, as rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, and extreme climatic events increasingly strain healthcare facilities and services worldwide. Public health infrastructure, which includes hospitals, clinics, disease surveillance systems, sanitation networks, and emergency response mechanisms, forms the backbone of societies’ ability to protect and promote human well-being. However, climate change disrupts these systems in multifaceted ways, threatening their capacity to cope with growing demands and exposing deep vulnerabilities in their design and preparedness. One of the most visible impacts of climate change on public health infrastructure is the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as floods, hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. These events damage physical infrastructure, overwhelm emergency services, and interrupt essential health operations. For instance, severe flooding can destroy hospital buildings, cut off roads leading to health centers, and disrupt electricity and clean water supply, thereby reducing the ability of medical staff to deliver timely care. Hurricanes and cyclones not only injure and displace large populations but also put immense stress on emergency wards and trauma units. Heatwaves, which have become more intense in many parts of the world, lead to spikes in hospital admissions for heatstroke, dehydration, and cardiovascular complications. When health systems are unprepared or __________ ________ ___ ____ ____ __________ _______.
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