Word Count : 561

---

The ‘effects’ doctrine is a principle of jurisdiction in international law which allows a State to exercise jurisdiction over acts committed outside its territorial boundaries if those acts produce substantial effects within its territory. Traditionally, criminal jurisdiction was based on territoriality, meaning a State could prosecute offences committed within its borders. However, with the growth of cross-border activities, particularly in cyberspace, rigid territorial limits proved inadequate. The effects doctrine therefore emerged to address situations where harmful consequences are felt within a State, even though the conduct originated elsewhere. In the context of computer __________ _____ ________ ____ ________ _________ ___ __________ _____.
________ ______ ____ _______ _______.
____ _______ __________ _____ __________ ________ ____ _______ ______ ________ ________ ______.
______ ______ _________ ________ _____ __________ __________ ____ ____ _________.
__________ ________ ___ _____ ______ ___ ______ ___ _______ _______ ______.
________ ______ __________ _______ _________ ___ _______.
______ ________ _________ ________ __________ __________ _______.
_______ __________ _____ _________ _____ ________.
________ _________ ____ ____ ________ _________ ________ _____ ______ ________ ____ ______.
___ ____ _______ ____ ____ ______ ____.
__________ _________ ____ _______ _______ _____ ____ _______.
_______ ________ _____ ______ ______ _______ _________ _________ ____ __________ ____.
_______ _____ _________ _________ ______ ______.
_____ _________ _______ ____ _______ ______ _________ ______ ____.
______ __________ ____ ____ ___ ________.
_______ ________ _____ ____ ___ _______ ___ ______ ____.
______ ________ _____ ____ __________.
_______ ____ _____ ___ _____ ______.
_______ _______ ______ __________ __________ _________ ________ __________.
______ __________ ___ _____ _____ _________ _______ ___ ______.
_______ ______ ____ _________ ______ ____ ______ ___ ___ _______ ________.
_______ ___ _______ __________ ___.
_________ _______ _____ _____ ____ _____.
____ _______ __________ _______ ________ __________.
_______ ___ _______ ____ ________ _________ _________ __________ _______.
__________ _________ __________ ____ __________ _____ _________ ___ ___ ____.
___ __________ __________ ___ ______ ___ __________ __________ _____ _____ _______ ______.
_________ ______ __________ ________ ____ ______ _________ ___.
_________ _____ ___ _____ _______ _______.
______ ________ _________ __________ __________ ___ _______ ____.
___ ______ _________ ______ _____ __________.
___ _____ ______ _______ _______ ___ ______ ___ __________ _________ _______ __________.
___ _____ ________ ________ ______ ____.
_______ ___ ______ _____ _______ _____ ___ ___.
_________ ______ ____ ______ _________ __________ ______.
___ __________ _______ _________ _________ _____ ___ ________.
________ ______ _____ ______ _________ _______ ___.
___ _____ _________ _______ __________.
_______ _________ ________ ___ ___ ______ ______ ______ ___ __________ ____ ___.
___ _____ _____ ___ _______ _____ _______ _____ ______ ____ ______.
_________ ___ __________ _______ ____ _______.
______ ______ ______ __________ __________ _________ ______ ___ _________.
_____ ___ _______ ______ _________ ____ _____ ________ _________ _________ ______.
____ _____ ____ ________ _________ ______.
____ _______ ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ __________ ___ ______.
___ _______ ______ __________ ___ _________ _________.
____ ______ _________ _______ _________ ___ ___ _____ ______.
____ ________ _______ ______ __________ ___ _______ _______ ______ _____ __________.
_________ ____ ______ ________ _________ ________ _________ __________ ______ _________ _____ _____.
_______ ______ ____ ______ ___.
________ ___ _____ __________ _______ ___ ____ _________ ________ ____ _____ _______.
______ ________ ________ __________ ___ ___ ____ ________ ___ __________ ______ _______.
_______ ___ ________ _______ _______ ___.
_________ __________ _________ ______ ________ __________ ________.
___ _____ ____ _______ _________ __________ _____ __________ ____ __________ ___.
__________ __________ _____ ________ ________ __________ _________ _________.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp