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The constitutional perspective of consumer rights in India is rooted in the fundamental principles laid down by the Constitution, which seeks to protect and promote the welfare of its citizens. Although the Indian Constitution does not explicitly mention “consumer rights,” various provisions implicitly support and uphold the protection of consumers against unfair trade practices, exploitation, and unsafe goods and services. The framework of consumer protection in India is derived from fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, and other constitutional provisions that collectively ensure the right to a fair, safe, and just marketplace. The fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution form the cornerstone for safeguarding consumer interests. Article 14, which guarantees the right to equality before the law and equal protection of laws, indirectly ensures that consumers are treated fairly and without discrimination in the marketplace. This implies that all consumers should have access to goods and services on a non-discriminatory basis and that they should be protected against arbitrary and exploitative practices by sellers, manufacturers, and service providers. Similarly, Article 19(1)(g) ensures the freedom to practice any profession, occupation, trade, or business, but it is balanced by Article 19(6), which permits reasonable restrictions in the interest of the general public. This balance between freedom of trade and protection of the public interest forms a constitutional basis for regulating commercial practices that affect consumers. The right to life under Article 21 is another vital constitutional provision that supports consumer rights. The Supreme Court _______ _________ _________ _____ ________ ____.
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