Explain the concept of change with a focus on various models of change.

There are five change management models that dominate business philosophy.

Lewin Model

Designed by Kurt Lewin in the 1950s, the Lewin model remains incredibly popular because of its simplicity. The Lewin model is a three-step process that he labeled the Unfreeze, Change,and Refreeze phases.

• Unfreeze — The Unfreeze, or evaluation step of the process, forces a company to take a deep look at its problems to understand why change must occur. Metrics, such as low sales numbers, low productivity, or a high volume of customer complaints are all catalysts to move a company into the Unfreeze phase. Management must determine how to reshape the foundation of the business and re-center the core.
• Change — With a set of goals in mind, management moves on to the Change phase. Here, the company institutes the necessary changes and allows employees time to adapt to the new reality. During the Change phase, management may tweak the changes to arrive at a more effective or efficient plan to move forward.
• Refreeze — After a predetermined period of time or upon reaching benchmarks, management refreezes the policies and procedures. Staying too long in the Change phase generates confusion and may lead to the development of alternative, and unapproved, methods of completing a task by _____ _______ ____ ______ _____ _____ ________ ______ ___ ______ _______.
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