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The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the country, embodying the democratic spirit of popular representation and federal principles within the framework of a constitutional government. It derives its authority from the Constitution of India and plays a pivotal role in shaping policies, enacting laws, and ensuring accountability of the executive. Its structure, composition, and powers make it a central pillar of the Indian democratic system, while its mechanisms of accountability ensure that the executive functions under constitutional and democratic checks. The Parliament of India is bicameral in nature, consisting of two Houses—the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States)—along with the President of India who is an integral part of the legislative process. The bicameral arrangement is designed to balance popular representation with federal considerations. The Lok Sabha, the directly elected lower house, reflects the voice of the people of India. It currently has a maximum strength of 552 members, of which 530 are elected from the states, 20 from the Union Territories, and two may be nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community, though this provision was abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment in 2019. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage through direct elections held every five years. The Rajya Sabha, on the other hand, represents the federal structure of the Indian Union. It is a permanent body that cannot be dissolved, with one-third of its members retiring every two years. It has a maximum strength of 250 members, out of which 238 are elected by the elected members of the state legislative assemblies and Union Territory legislatures through the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote, while 12 members are nominated by the President on account of their expertise and contribution in fields such as literature, science, art, and social service. The President of India, though not a member of either House, constitutes a vital part of the Parliament as no bill can become law without the President’s assent. ___ ___ __________ _________ ______ ___ ______.
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