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The Indian Constitution, adopted on 26th January 1950, stands as one of the most comprehensive legal documents in the world. Its fundamental features reflect the vision of its framers to establish a democratic, just, and egalitarian society in India. These features are designed not only to structure governance but also to protect the rights of citizens, ensure equality, and maintain the sovereignty and integrity of the nation. The Constitution is unique in its attempt to balance the needs of a diverse country with the ideals of democracy, rule of law, and federal governance. One of the primary features of the Indian Constitution is its written nature. Unlike the unwritten constitution of the United Kingdom, India’s Constitution is codified in a single document. This written nature ensures clarity and accessibility, providing a concrete reference for governance, judicial interpretation, and public awareness. It establishes a legal framework that guides the functioning of the government, ensuring that all branches operate within defined limits. By clearly outlining powers, responsibilities, and procedures, it prevents arbitrary exercise of authority and strengthens the democratic ethos. Another fundamental feature is the supremacy of the Constitution. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, and all laws, policies, and executive actions must conform to it. This principle ensures that democracy is not undermined by arbitrary decisions or transient political interests. The judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, plays a crucial role in upholding constitutional supremacy through judicial review, which acts as a check on legislative ______ __________ _________ ___ __________ ______ ____ ____ __________ ____ ____ ________.
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