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The evolution of gender planning and development policies in India can be traced through the country’s major Five-Year Planning cycles, each reflecting changing priorities, perspectives on gender equity, and strategies for women’s empowerment. These planning cycles laid the foundation for gender-inclusive development and reflected both national and international gender policy influences. First to Third Five-Year Plans (1951–1966): The early planning cycles were primarily focused on economic development, industrialization, and infrastructure building. Women’s issues were largely treated within the framework of welfare, and their role was primarily seen as caregivers and homemakers. The First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956) emphasized the need to support women through welfare schemes, such as maternity benefits, health services, and nutrition programs. However, these were not integrated into mainstream development programs. In the Second Plan (1956–1961), the focus shifted towards community development, with initiatives such as the introduction of Mahila Mandals (women’s groups) to involve women in rural development. The Third Plan (1961–1966) continued this welfare-centric approach, still viewing women primarily as passive beneficiaries rather than active participants in development. During these early plans, there was limited recognition of the productive role _______ _________ _____ ____ ____ _____ _________ _______ ____ _____.
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