Explain how microbial spoilage of milk can be controlled.

Many physical and chemical technologies are employed by our civilization to control the growth of (certain) microbes, although sterility may not the desired end-point. Rather, preventing spoilage of food or curing infectious disease might be the desired outcome.

Applications of Heat

The lethal temperature varies in microorganisms. The time required to kill depends on the number of organisms, species, nature of the product being heated, pH, and temperature. Autoclaving, which kills all microorganisms with heat, is commonly employed in canning, bottling, and other sterile packaging procedures. This is ________ ___ __________ ______ __________ ______ ______ ____ ____ _________ ____.
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