Question

Explain dynamic memory allocation in C. Write a C program to dynamically allocate memory to store a list of numbers and then compute their sum and standard deviation. Free the memory after use. Discuss memory management in your explanation.

12 Sep 2025
Answer :
Word Count : 1219
Dynamic memory allocation in C is an essential concept in problem solving and programming, especially when the size of the data to be stored is not known at compile time. Unlike static memory allocation, where memory is allocated at compile time and has a fixed size, dynamic memory allocation allows a programmer to allocate memory at runtime depending on the requirements of the program. This flexibility makes dynamic memory allocation suitable for handling problems where the size of input data is not predetermined, such as arrays of variable length, linked lists, trees, and other data structures. In C, dynamic memory allocation is handled using a set of functions defined in the standard library ``. The main functions include `malloc()`, `calloc()`, `realloc()`, and `free()`. Each of these functions provides specific functionalities. The function `malloc(size_t size)` is used to allocate a single block of memory of specified size in bytes. It returns a pointer to the allocated memory, and if the allocation fails, it returns `NULL`. The function `calloc(n, size)` allocates memory for an array of `n` elements of a given size and initializes all the elements to zero. This is useful when an array with initialized values is required. The function `realloc(ptr, new_size)` is __________ ______ _______ ________ _______ _________ _______ ________.
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