Explain code mixing and its constraints. Also differentiate it from code switching with examples.

Though the number of languages studied in code mixing is rather limited, linguists have proposed some universal constraints on code mixing. The existence of universal constraints is based on the assumption that the mixed code has the properties of a natural language. The assumed linguistic properties of the mixed code according to Annamalai (IJSL 75, 1989) are (a) mixing is governed by levels of units such as word level, clause level, sentence level and so on (b) it is sensitive to syntactic constituents like Noun Phrase, Verb Phrase, etc. and (c) it is a variable with reference to word classes such as nouns verbs etc. Here we shall look at the constraints / restrictions on code mixing in South Asian languages as proposed by Kachru (1975). According to him, there seems to be a cline of acceptability in code-mixing. It is not an open-ended process either grammatically or lexically. He illustrates this with the following constraints.

A Rank shift constraint

The rank-shifted constructions are not from English. For example the following sentences are an odd mix.

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