Explain basic philosophy of object orientation. Explain basic constructs of object orientation with example. 

Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) is a methodology used for designing and analyzing systems in terms of objects rather than actions and data. The philosophy behind object orientation revolves around representing real-world entities as objects in a system, which encapsulate both data (attributes) and behaviors (methods). This approach aims to simplify complex systems by promoting modularity, reusability, and maintainability.

The core philosophy of object orientation emphasizes four primary principles: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

1. Encapsulation refers to bundling the data (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. Encapsulation helps in protecting _______ _______ ___ _________ ___ _____ ________ _______ _____ __________ _________ ___.
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