What is aggregation? How is it related to composition? Explain role of abstract class in system design with the help of example.

### Aggregation and Composition in Object-Oriented Analysis and Design

Aggregation and composition are both types of relationships in object-oriented design that define how objects interact with one another. These relationships help in creating a flexible and manageable system by organizing objects into hierarchies and defining their dependencies.

Aggregation refers to a "whole-part" relationship where the part can exist independently of the whole. It represents a relationship where the lifetime of the part is not tied to the lifetime of the whole. For example, consider a university and its departments. A university can have multiple departments, but each department can exist independently of the university. If the university is closed or reorganized, the departments themselves may still exist, perhaps under a different university. Aggregation indicates a less tightly coupled relationship, allowing for greater flexibility and reuse of the part in different contexts.

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