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Whenever any country faces difficult situations and, challenges, whether they are political or economic, the intellectuals and politicians at some point or other need to search their own country's history for the solutions. The historical events, people and their thoughts that have shaped the country prove to be the vital elements for solving the current challenges of the country.1 Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar was one of our greatest jurists, economists, crusading champion of human rights, and social reformer. What is well known about Dr. Ambedkar's fights against social prejudices in India, but what is little known is how he had also impacted his impression on the economy through his views and thoughts.

Ambedkar's identity as an economist might have escaped mass notice it’s because of his fame as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution and as a leader of the backward and downtrodden sections of Indian society. Prof. Amartya Sen, the first Asian winner of the Nobel for economics, claimed during delivering Sir Dorabji Tata Memorial Lecture Series in May 2007 that "Ambedkar is my father in Economics. He deserves more than what he had achieved today. However, he was a highly controversial figure in his home country, though it was not the reality. His contribution in the field of economics is marvellous, and will be remembered forever."2

As an economist, Dr Ambedkar propagated that the state is the owner of the land. To him, the basic industries should be state monopolies and rest should be controlled by the private owners. He thought that the "democratic state socialism" can be achieved by state control over land, some basic industries, religions, caste and through an elaborate scheme of the constitutional method. According to him, caste consciousness hampers all the economic systems.3 Surprisingly, enough Dr Ambedkar had also suggested free economy, globalization, liberalization and privatization as early as in 1923 side by side with state-owned basic industries, land and insurance. He had stressed that the value of a rupee must be kept stable if the policy of the free economy is to be successful. Hence, one can say that Dr Ambedkar, a man educated in USA and UK, was "not an armchair economist" but he was "an economist in thought and action with a rare vision".4

How one can expect that the problems and challenges posed by poverty, population growth, agricultural decline and economic degradation had not caught his attention. Ambedkar realised very earlier that the increased population would be a burden on the growing economy of free India’s future development. Therefore, to eradicate poverty, unemployment, and safeguard reproductive health, Ambedkar favoured proper birth control policies and measures to be implemented by the government for progressive and stabilised growth and development.

If we talk about India, it has the youngest population in the world with 472 million children5 still globally India contributes about 21% of the total global burden of child death. The current population of India as per the census of 2011 is 1210.2 million.6 This increased population is a burden on the economy and the future development of India. Dr Ambedkar was quick to acknowledge this problem when on behalf of Dr B. R. Ambedkar, the speech delivered by Shri P. J. Roham on 10th November, 1938 in Mumbai Provincial Assembly on a non-government resolution was to be considered, it is a fundamental base to understand the thoughts of Dr B. R. Ambedkar on family planning and population control. Of course, B. R. Ambedkar himself wanted to present the resolution, but due to some unavoidable circumstances, he could not attend. The resolution was comprised of the limited size of the family and also the urgent need for proactive measures among the masses regarding birth control. According to Ambedkar there were “few people have an adequate idea of the immense loss sustained by children born of persons who are handicapped either physically, mentally or financially. The prevention of the births of such children would reduce the death-rate among mothers who succumb to child-birth and its concomitant diseases, lower infantile mortality, improve public health by removing the many diseases due to want of even the prime necessaries of life felt by many persons, check the offences perpetrated by persons suffering from intense poverty and would bring about an all-round uplift of society by affording full scope to its spiritual advancement.”7

Dr B. R. Ambedkar emphasised that some measures to control the population such as the ban on child marriage system, increasing the age of marriage, economic empowerment of women are also limited, ineffective and impractical. Thus to avoid the unexpected births and to maintain control of various diseases, he emphasised upon the use of scientific instruments of birth control. He advocated that family planning is the only one measure to control the population. He considered the problem of population in respect of family, child development, female health and food grain supply. The following pages will discuss Ambedkar’s views, and thoughts on the necessity of population control policies by the government and the problems our country is subjected to due to increased rate of population.

OBJECTIVES:

The following are the chief objectives of this study-

a.     To explore the vision of Ambedkar with special reference to population-control policy.

b.     To document Ambedkar’s ideas on birth-control in colonial settings and its impact on post-colonial India.

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