Examine Durkheim’s postulation on division of labour. 

Émile Durkheim, a foundational figure in sociology, made significant contributions to the understanding of social structure, one of the most prominent of which is his theory on the division of labor. Durkheim’s postulation on the division of labor is primarily addressed in his work The Division of Labour in Society (1893), where he explores how the specialization of tasks within a society contributes to social cohesion and order. His analysis marks a departure from earlier sociological thoughts on labor, especially in relation to Karl Marx's view on the economic base of society. For Durkheim, the division of labor is not merely an economic phenomenon but is crucial to the moral and social organization of society. He investigates how the division of labor evolves and its role in maintaining social solidarity.

Durkheim begins by examining the nature of societies and their forms of solidarity. He identifies two main types of social solidarity: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity. These concepts are central to his theory of the division of labor and reflect different stages of social development.

Mechanical Solidarity

Mechanical solidarity characterizes pre-industrial or traditional societies. In such societies, individuals share similar tasks, experiences, and beliefs, leading to a collective consciousness that binds them together. People in such societies are not highly specialized in their roles; instead, they engage in general, similar activities such as farming or hunting. The lack of specialization means that there is little differentiation in social roles, and the social order is maintained through common values, traditions, and customs. The cohesion of the society is based on the likeness of its members.

Durkheim contends that in societies with mechanical solidarity, the division of labor is minimal. The emphasis is on collective norms and shared traditions, with individuals being part of a broader group identity. This type of solidarity is found in small, homogeneous societies where the social fabric is held together through common beliefs and practices ___ ________ _____ ______ ___ __________ _____ ____ ___.
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