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The role of media in the construction of gender is a critical dimension within the study of social stratification. Media—encompassing print, television, film, advertising, and digital platforms—not only reflects societal norms but actively shapes and reinforces gender roles and expectations. In a stratified society, gender intersects with class, caste, race, and other axes of inequality. Through symbolic representation, content framing, and audience targeting, the media contributes to both the perpetuation and the contestation of gendered social hierarchies. From the perspective of social stratification, gender is not merely a biological distinction but a social construct—produced, maintained, and modified through social institutions. The media is one of the most pervasive and influential institutions in this regard. It plays a dual role: while it can challenge dominant narratives and amplify marginalized voices, it often reinforces gender binaries and patriarchal values, thus sustaining unequal power relations. Historically, media representations have largely been androcentric. Men have been portrayed as dominant, rational, and active subjects, while women have been relegated to passive, emotional, and supportive roles. This differential portrayal reflects broader social stratification, where men occupy higher social positions and women are subordinated. For example, in news media, male experts and leaders are _________ ___ _______ ________ ___ _____ ___ ______ _________ ______.
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