Enumerate the various determinants of health.

Health is a complex and multi-dimensional concept, influenced by a variety of factors that interact and shape an individual's well-being. The determinants of health can be classified into several categories, each playing a distinct role in the overall health status of individuals and populations. These determinants encompass a wide range of physical, social, economic, and environmental factors. Understanding these determinants is crucial for implementing effective Occupational Health and Safety Management (OHSM) systems, as workplaces are microcosms of broader health influences.

1. Biological and Genetic Factors
Genetic makeup and biological characteristics play a fundamental role in determining an individual’s health. Genetic predispositions can influence the likelihood of developing certain health conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or mental health disorders. Occupational Health and Safety Management (OHSM) must recognize that employees may have genetic vulnerabilities that affect their susceptibility to occupational hazards. For example, workers with genetic predispositions to respiratory diseases may be at higher risk when exposed to airborne toxins.

2. Environmental Factors
The physical environment is a significant determinant of health. Occupational settings are no exception, with environmental hazards such as air quality, noise, lighting, ergonomics, ________ _____ _______ _____ __________ ______.
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