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Environmental education has undergone a significant transformation over the last few decades, evolving in scope, pedagogy, and impact, particularly in alignment with the principles of sustainability science. This interdisciplinary approach has influenced educational institutions, policy frameworks, civil society, and global partnerships, fostering a holistic understanding of the environment and the interconnectedness of social, economic, and ecological systems. The global trends in environmental education reflect growing awareness of environmental challenges, the integration of sustainability into formal and informal learning systems, and the mobilization of knowledge and action towards sustainable development. One of the most prominent global trends in environmental education is the shift from a narrow, nature-based focus to a broader sustainability-oriented paradigm. Traditional environmental education often centered on wildlife conservation, pollution, and ecosystems, primarily from a natural sciences perspective. However, with the rise of sustainability science, environmental education has become more interdisciplinary, encompassing aspects of social justice, economic viability, cultural values, and policy-making. This shift is reflected in global frameworks such as the UN’s Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005–2014) and the current Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) for 2030 framework under UNESCO, which emphasize systemic thinking, participatory learning, and the empowerment of learners to take responsible actions. Another key trend is the mainstreaming of environmental education into formal education systems. Many countries have adopted environmental topics into their national curricula at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. In schools, subjects such as science, geography, civics, and health now incorporate sustainability topics, while universities are increasingly offering specialized courses, degrees, and research programs in sustainability science and environmental studies. This integration supports the development of critical thinking, problem-solving, and interdisciplinary collaboration among students. Moreover, teacher training _______ ________ __________ ___ _______ _____ ________ ___.
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