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Business cooperatives are voluntary associations formed by individuals with common economic needs who unite to achieve shared objectives through jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprises. In the agricultural sector, cooperatives play a crucial role in strengthening the bargaining power of farmers, providing access to credit, inputs, marketing facilities, processing infrastructure, and ensuring fair returns. The structure and functioning of business cooperatives are guided by principles such as open membership, democratic control, limited return on capital, patronage-based distribution of surplus, and service orientation. The structure and functioning of two major business cooperatives, namely dairy cooperatives and cooperative credit societies, illustrate how such organizations operate effectively to support farmers and rural communities. A dairy cooperative is a producer-owned organization formed by milk producers for the purpose of procuring, processing, and marketing milk and milk products. A well-known example of a successful dairy cooperative model is the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation, which markets products under the brand Amul. The structure of a dairy cooperative generally follows a three-tier system. At the village level, there are primary dairy cooperative societies consisting of milk producers from a particular village. These members supply milk to the society and collectively manage its operations. Each member has equal voting rights regardless of the quantity ___ _______ _________ ____ __________ ____ __________.
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