Discuss the structural diversity of glycans and their biological roles. Explain their biosynthesis with relevant examples.

Glycans, also known as carbohydrates or polysaccharides, are complex molecules consisting of sugar units linked together by glycosidic bonds. These structures can vary in length, branching patterns, and the types of monosaccharides involved, leading to a high degree of structural diversity. The complexity of glycans allows them to perform a wide array of biological functions. 

The structural diversity of glycans arises primarily from the variety of monosaccharides that can be incorporated into the chain. There are over 200 different monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and sialic acid, among others. These monosaccharides can be connected by different glycosidic linkages, such as α(1→4), β(1→4), and α(1→6), leading to linear and branched structures. The branching patterns are particularly important in determining the specific properties and _______ _________ _______ __________ _________.
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