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The Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, marked a significant shift in governance in India by empowering citizens to seek information from public authorities, promoting transparency and accountability. However, despite its transformative potential, the RTI Act has certain statutory limitations embedded within its provisions, which affect the full realization of the citizens’ right to know. These limitations are primarily found in the exemptions under Sections 8, 9, 11, and 24 of the Act, and also in the structural and procedural constraints that hamper effective implementation. Section 8: Exemption from Disclosure of Information Section 8(1) of the RTI Act lays down specific grounds on which information may be denied. These include: 1. National security and sovereignty (Section 8(1)(a)): Information that would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic, scientific, or economic interests of the state, relations with foreign states, or lead to incitement of an offence is exempted. This is a broad provision and often used by public authorities to deny information, sometimes even when the threat to national interest is not evident. 2. Contempt of court (Section 8(1)(b)): Disclosure of information which has been expressly forbidden by any court of law or tribunal, or which may constitute contempt of court, is not allowed. 3. Cabinet papers (Section 8(1)(i)): Information including records of deliberations of the Council of Ministers, Secretaries, and other officers is exempt from disclosure until the decision has been taken, and the matter is complete or over. This limits real-time transparency in policy decision-making. 4. Privacy of individuals (Section 8(1)(j)): Information which relates to personal information and has no relationship to any public activity or interest, or which would cause unwarranted invasion of the privacy of an individual, is exempt unless the authority is satisfied that the larger public interest justifies the disclosure. While these exemptions are necessary to _______ _________ ___ __________ _______ _________ __________ _________ _______ ___.
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