Discuss the statutory and non-statutory systems of public library financing prevailing in India.

Statutory System

Enactment of law by the legislative body of a state to provide for establishment and maintenance of public libraries, and organisation of library service may be called the statutory system of library service. The state of Tamil Nadu was the first to come out with library legislation as far back as in 1948. At present, there are 12 states, which run the public libraries under the statutory system. These are (year of legislation given in brackets) Tamil Nadu (1948), Andhra Pradesh (1960), Karnataka (1965), Maharashtra (1967), West Bengal (1979), Manipur (1988), Haryana (1989), Kerala (1989), Mizoram (1993), Goa (1993), Gujarat (2001), Orissa (2001). Library acts of these states do not present a uniform pattern.

Type 1 (Pure Form of Public Libraries)

Financial arrangement under this type of public libraries, which were established and run by the government, free of charge. Legislation under this type provided for an independent source of income to the libraries in the form of cess (independent in the sense it is not linked to the state budget, but raised locally). The Local Library Authorities (LLAs) received library cess as a surcharge on certain taxes. The funds, thus, raised through the library cess were supplemented by state government grants. This system was applied generally in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Goa. (It may be noted that, instead of entrusting public library service to local bodies like the panchayat or municipalities, the library acts provided for a different body called LLAs to run library service in a particular area. However, collection of library cess and later remission of the same to the LLAs is the function of the local bodies).

Type (Mixed Form of Public Libraries)

The second type pertained to the legislative arrangement, which was amenable/suitable to the mixed form of public libraries, which was historically/traditionally predominant in certain states. It had few government libraries and very large number of subscription libraries nm by voluntary organisations/non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The state governments, instead of establishing new libraries, supported selected subscription libraries, at times declaring them as District Libraries/Taluka Libraries. They are known under various names: Sponsored Libraries in West Bengal, Recognised Libraries in Maharashtra, Grant-in-Libraries in Gujarat. Affiliated Libraries in Kerala and Recognised Village Libraries in Mizoram. The library acts did not provide for levying of cess to finance such selected subscription libraries. The amount of grant admissible to a _____ ___ _______ ______ _________ _____.
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