Discuss the role of infrastructure in development. Describe how to measure infrastructural development of a nation state.

The importance of infrastructure for sustained economic development is well recognized. High transactions costs arising from inadequate and  inefficient  infrastructure can prevent the economy from realizing its full growth potential,  regardless of the progress on other fronts. Physical  infrastructure covering  transportation, power, and communication, through its backward and forward  linkages, facilitates growth; social  infrastructure including water supply, sanitation, sewage disposal, education and health, which are in the nature of    primary services, has a  direct impact on the quality of life. The visible signs of  shortfalls in capacity and inefficiencies include increasingly congested roads,  power  failures, long waiting lists for installation of telephones, and shortages of  drinking water illustrate the widening gap between demand and supply  of  infrastructure, and raise questions concerning the sustainability of economic  growth in future.

The efficacy of private sector participation in infrastructure development would be contingent upon the capability to commercialize these  projects whereby recovery of investments would be through a system of user charges. There is a  potential for public private partnerships  (PPPs) to contribute more and to help  bridge the infrastructure gap in India. There has been considerable progress in    he last ten years _______ ________ ____ __________ ____ ____ _________ ____ ____.
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