Discuss the risk factors for mental health problems at the workplace.

Mental disorders are clinically significant conditions characterised by altered thoughts, emotions or behaviours with associated distress and impaired functioning. The ICD-11 is a book published by the WHO, and aims to provide a standardised diagnostic manual for mental disorders. The DSM-V, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is another commonly used diagnostic manual for mental disorders. These manuals provide a classification system that aims to separate mental illness into diagnostic categories based on the description of the individual’s symptoms and the course of the illness. Mental disorders are categorised as follows:

• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders
• Catatonia
• Mood disorders
• Anxiety or fear-related disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive or related disorders
• Disorders specifically associated with stress
• Dissociative disorders
• Feeding or eating disorders
• Elimination disorders
• Disorders of bodily distress or bodily experience
• Disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviours
• Impulse control disorders
• Disruptive behaviour or dissocial disorders
• Personality disorders and related traits
• Paraphilic disorders
• Factitious disorders
• Neurocognitive disorders

Mental or behavioural disorders associated with pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium  

Estimates of severe mental disorders (such as severe depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia), are between 1-2% of the working population. Severe mental disorders should be treated and assessed by a trained healthcare professional, and will often require a specialist.

The British National Office of Statistics estimates that an additional 20% of the working population have been found to have symptoms that by virtue of their nature, severity, and duration do meet the diagnostic criteria [15] and therefore would be classified as a mental disorder; but would not be viewed as severe. These disorders are often referred to as ‘common mental health problems (CMHP)’. CMHP are those that are most frequent and prevalent. In the United Kingdom, for example, CMHP are often successfully treated in primary care settings, rather than by specialists.

The most common of CMHP are depression, anxiety, or a mix of the two.

Many individuals may experience symptoms of emotional distress, which may not be of sufficient severity to warrant a diagnosis of a mental disorder, but nevertheless result in a significant degree of personal suffering, distress, and decreased productivity. These are often referred to as ‘sub-clinical’ disorders, which are highly prevalent among the working population. The British National Office of Statistic estimate that 20% of the working age population will experience symptoms associated ___ ______ ______ ____ __________ ______.
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