Discuss the principle of Michelson interferometer. How can it be used to determine the refractive index of a thin plate and wavelength of monochromatic light?

The Michelson interferometer operates on the principle of interference, where two beams of light combine to produce a pattern of constructive and destructive interference. It is a fundamental optical device used to measure wavelength, refractive index, and other optical properties with high precision. The core mechanism involves splitting a single beam of monochromatic light into two paths, manipulating them, and then recombining the beams to form interference fringes.

Principle of Michelson Interferometer

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