A vertical single and double slits and illuminated by a point source. Discuss the salient features of their Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. Also, obtain an expression for intensity distribution in case of double slit.

In the field of optics, diffraction refers to the bending of light around obstacles and the spreading of light waves as they pass through narrow openings. When monochromatic light encounters an obstacle or a slit, the resulting wave can interfere with itself, leading to patterns of constructive and destructive interference. These patterns can be analyzed using the principles of Fraunhofer diffraction, which describes diffraction patterns observed at a large distance from the source or the slit, where the wavefronts can be approximated as parallel.

The diffraction patterns produced by a single slit and a double slit differ in their complexity, and they provide valuable insights into the behavior of light.

### Fraunhofer Diffraction from a Single Slit

When a monochromatic point light source illuminates a single slit, the resulting diffraction pattern consists of a central bright fringe, followed by a series of darker regions and fainter fringes. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern for a single slit is observed on a screen placed at a large distance from the slit.

The key features of the diffraction pattern are:

1. Central Maximum: The pattern consists of a central bright fringe, known as the central maximum. This is the result of constructive interference between all the light waves passing through the slit.
2. Secondary Maxima and Minima: On either side of the central maximum, there are regions of partial constructive and destructive interference. These are the secondary maxima and minima. The intensity of the secondary maxima is lower than that of the central maximum.
3. Symmetry: The diffraction pattern is symmetric about the central maximum. This means that the minima and maxima occur at equal angles on either side of the central axis.
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