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The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, with the primary objective of protecting and promoting human rights in India. Human rights are defined under the Act as the rights relating to life, liberty, equality, and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in international covenants and enforceable by courts in India. The establishment of the NHRC marked a significant step in strengthening the institutional framework for the protection of human rights in the country. It functions as an independent watchdog and seeks to ensure that the constitutional and legal rights of individuals are respected by public authorities. The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, provides the legal framework for the constitution, powers, functions, and procedures of the NHRC. The Commission consists of a Chairperson, who has been a Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court, along with other members possessing judicial experience and expertise in human rights. The Commission also includes ex officio members from various national commissions dealing with the rights of women, children, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, minorities, backward classes, and persons with disabilities, thereby ensuring a comprehensive approach to human rights protection. One of the principal powers of the NHRC is the power to inquire into complaints of human rights violations. It can investigate allegations of violations committed by public servants or cases where public authorities have failed to prevent such violations. Complaints may be filed by the victim, any person acting on behalf of the victim, or the Commission may initiate proceedings suo motu based on media reports or other credible information. This power enables the Commission to address issues affecting vulnerable and marginalized sections ________ _________ ____ ______ __________.
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