Discuss the obligations of employers and employees under the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948.

The Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 (ESI Act) is a significant social security legislation in India, designed to provide financial protection to employees in case of sickness, maternity, disablement, and death due to employment injury. The Act aims to ensure that employees are covered for health-related contingencies by offering medical care, cash benefits, and other welfare measures. It applies to factories, establishments, and other industrial units with a specified number of employees, and its provisions extend to both employers and employees. Under the Act, both parties—employers and employees—have specific obligations and duties, which are crucial for the effective implementation of the scheme.

### Obligations of Employers

Employers play a pivotal role in ensuring compliance with the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948. Their obligations can be broadly classified into administrative, financial, and welfare-related responsibilities.

1. Registration of Establishment  
   The primary duty of the employer is to register their establishment under the ESI Act, provided it meets the prescribed criteria (usually a factory or establishment with 10 or more employees). Registration with the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) is mandatory, and the employer must ensure that the establishment is registered with the appropriate ESI authorities. This registration process involves furnishing details about the business, its employees, and other essential information.

2. Contribution Payment  
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