Discuss the nature of agrarian order in South India with reference to Nadu and Brahmadeya.

It would be useful to set out the earliest references to immunities based on the Dharmasastric injunctions, the pariharas usually numbering. This would give us an idea of how the management of cultivation and production of allied crafts as well as non- agricutural activities, were placed under the new land controlling grantees. It would also show how some kind of a dependency between the land controllers and landless cultivators and craftsmen was built up within the village due to the village craftsmen being paid in the form of land produce or assigned land in lieu of such payment. The Pallava Copper Plate grants of the 4th-6th centuries AD inscribed in Prakrit and Sanskrit refer to such Brahmadeyas in the Guntur, Krishna and Nellore districts. The 18 pariharas or immunities are not listed in all the grants but the implication was that wherever such taxes or cesses existed; they need not thereafter be paid to the king or his representative but to the grantees to whom services also had to be provided. 

Donees were also given the services of labourers receiving half the produce. It is interesting to know that most of the grants of the 6th to 9th centuries period were made __________ ___ ______ _________ __________ ________.
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