Write a note on the revenue administration under the Sultan of Delhi. 

During the Sultanate period the revenue administration was not that well organised. Even the fiscal resources of the state were very limited because the state’s authority extended over the limited territory in North and East of India, and the major parts of Cen­tral and Southern India remained beyond their influence.

But the early Sultans were quite intolerant and tried to squeeze maximum of money from the Hindus. Ala-ud-Din Khilji intentionally and deliberately followed the policy of reducing the Hindus to poverty

Land Revenue:

As agriculture was the main occupation of the people the land revenue was the chief source of state income. But there was no fixed share which the cultivator had to pay to the state. This was determined by the different Sultans and ranged from 1/10 to 1/2. For example Ala-ud-Din Khilji charged 50 per cent of the agricultural produce as state share.

According to the Islamic law there were two types of land taxes:

i. Ushr and

ii. Kharaj.

Ushr was the Sand tax charged on the lands held by the Muslims. It was usually one-tenth of the total produce.

Kharaj was the tax charged on the lands owned by the Hindus and it varied from one-tenth to one-half.

The Jagirdari system was in existence and the jagirdars acted as middle-men between cultivators and the state. They collected the revenue on behalf of the state. In addition they also claimed a share for themselves. After payment of these taxes nothing subs­tantial was left with the cultivator.

Ala-ud-Din Khilji paid some attention to improve the revenue administration and introduced a number of vital changes. His primary objective in introducing the changes was to collect the maximum revenue for the state so that he could maintain a strong army, which was needed both to combat the Mongol danger and to effect fresh conquests, ln the first instance he ordered the ___ ____ _____ _____ ____ _________ ________ ____.
____ ___ ________ ____ _____ _______ __________ ______ ____ _________ ______ __________.
_______ ____ __________ ____ ____.
____ _________ _______ __________ _____ _______ __________.
___ __________ ___ _________ ______ _____ _______ ____ ______ ________ ___ __________.
___ ________ ____ __________ __________ _______ ____ __________ ___ __________.
__________ __________ _______ __________ __________ _______ ________ ____ ______ ______ __________.
____ ____ ________ _______ ________ _____ _____ _____.
_____ _______ __________ _______ _____.
___ _________ ____ __________ _________ __________.
________ ___ __________ _____ _______ _______ ________ _____ _________ ________ _____.
_____ __________ ___ __________ ______ ___ _________.
_______ _______ ___ ___ _____.
____ _________ ___ ______ _______ _______ _________ ____ _______ ______ _______ ______.
_______ ___ ______ __________ ______ ________ __________ ______ _______ _______ ________.
_________ ___ ______ ________ _______ _______ ______ ________ ___.
__________ ____ ______ ________ ________ ___ ________ __________ _________ __________ ___ __________.
____ _____ ___ ____ ______ __________ ________ _______ _____ __________ ______ __________.
_____ __________ ______ __________ _____.
_____ ________ ________ ___ ___ _________ _______ _________ __________ _____ ____.
_____ ________ _____ ____ __________ _________ _________.
______ ___ _______ ___ __________ _________ ______ _________.
______ ________ ____ ____ ____ _________ ___ _____.
___ ____ _____ ___ ___ ________ _______ _____ ____ __________ ______.
_______ ___ ________ ____ _______ _______ ________ _____ ____ ________.
_____ __________ ___ _________ _____.
________ __________ ________ ____ _______ ________ _________ _____ ______ _________ ___ ________.
______ ____ _____ _________ _____ ________ ____ ________ _________ ________ _____ ___.
_____ ____ ____ ________ ___ ____ ____ ___ ______ _____.
___ __________ _______ ______ __________ _______ _____ ____ ________ _________ _____.
_________ _____ _________ _______ ________ _________ _________ ____.
_______ _____ ___ __________ _____ ________.
___ ________ ____ __________ ____ __________ ___ __________ ________ ____.
____ ______ ______ ___ ________ __________ _________ _____ __________.
_________ ____ _______ __________ ___ _________ ________.
___ __________ _____ _______ ___ ______ _____ ____.
______ _____ ________ _____ __________ _____ ______ ____ _______ __________ __________.
________ _______ ____ ________ ________ ______.
_____ _____ _________ __________ __________ __________.
________ ________ ______ ____ _________ ____ _________.
______ _____ ____ _______ ______ ___ __________ ________ _______ ____ ___ _______.
___ ___ _______ ____ ___ ________ ___ _______ ______.
___ __________ __________ ___ _________ ________ __________ _________ __________ _____ _______.
___ _______ _________ ________ _________ ___ ____ __________ _____ ____ ____.
_____ ________ ________ __________ _________ ________ _____ _________ ______ ______.
_________ _____ ________ _____ ___ _____ _______ _______.
_______ _____ ______ ______ _____ _____ ___ ___.
___ ______ __________ ___ _______.
______ _______ _____ ____ _____ _____.
___ _____ ____ _____ ____ __________.
____ _______ __________ _________ ___ __________ ____ _______ ____ _______ _____ ____.
____ ______ _________ _______ _______ ______ ________ ____ _____.
___ ____ _____ _________ _________ ________ _______.
________ _______ _______ _______ _____ _______ ____ _______ ___ ___.
_____ ______ ____ ____ ____ __________ __________.
_________ _______ ________ ________ _________ _________ __________ ______ ________ _________ _________ _______.
__________ ________ _________ _______ ________ _______.
______ _______ ______ _____ _____ ___ _________ _____ ___ ____.
__________ _________ ________ ________ ____ _______ __________ ________.
__________ ________ ___ ______ ____ ________ ________ __________ ______ ____ _________ _____.
__________ ________ ________ ___ __________ _______.
________ ___ ________ ______ ________.
_____ ____ ___ _________ _________ __________.
_______ _______ ________ ______ ______ ____ _________ __________ _____ ______ ___ _____.
_______ _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ ________.
____ ________ _________ _________ ______ _____ _______.
_____ ________ _____ ____ ______.
_____ _______ ________ ____ __________ _________ ________.
____ _____ ___ __________ __________ ___ _______ _______ __________ ________ __________.
_____ ____ __________ _______ _____ _______ _____ __________ _____ ____ ____ _____.
______ ________ _____ _____ _________ ______ ___ ______.
_______ ___ ______ ________ __________ ________ _____ ___ __________ _____.
____ ________ _________ _____ _________ ___ _____ ________ ______ _______.
____ _______ _______ _______ _______ ____ _______ _____ _________ _________.
_______ __________ ____ _______ __________ _____.
________ _________ ________ ____ ____.
_____ _________ _________ ____ _____ _______ ____ ________ _____ _________.
_______ ______ __________ __________ _______ _______ _______ ______ ____ ________ ____.
_______ ________ ___ ________ __________ _____.
__________ ___ _____ ________ _______ _________.
_____ _________ _______ _______ _______ ________ _____.
_______ ____ _______ ___ _________.
_______ __________ __________ ______ ___ ___.
__________ __________ ____ __________ ______ ________ ________.
_______ ________ _________ ____ _______ ________ _________ ______ _______ ____.
_______ ________ __________ ______ ________ _______ ______ _____.
_______ ______ _______ _________ _______ ________.
____ _________ _______ ________ _________ ________ ______ _________.
_____ __________ _________ __________ ____.
_____ __________ _____ ________ __________ _______ ___ ________ _____.
__________ __________ __________ ______ __________ ________ ______ ________ ____.
________ ___ ___ ___ _______ _________ ____ ________ ___.
_________ _________ ___ _______ _______ _________ ___ _____.
__________ __________ ______ _______ _______ __________ _____ _______ __________ ____ _________.
_________ _____ _____ ____ ______ __________ ____.
____ _________ ___ _____ _______ ____ ________.
___ ____ ________ _________ ______.
_____ ______ ____ ___ _____ _______ ________ __________ _______ ____ __________ __________.
_____ _______ ____ ___ ____.
_______ ________ ________ _______ _______ ______ __________ ____ _______ ________ _____.
_______ ____ ________ __________ __________ ______ _____ __________ ____.
___ ___ _______ ____ _____.
_________ _____ ________ __________ _______ ________ _______ ____ ___ __________ _____.
________ _________ _____ _______ __________ ___ _____ __________ _____ _____ __________.
_______ _______ ______ _____ ___ ___ _________ ______ __________ ______ _____.
__________ ____ __________ _________ ______ _________ _____ ___ _________.
______ _________ ___ _______ ____ ______.
____ __________ ______ ____ ______ _______.
____ _____ __________ ___ ______ _______ __________.
______ __________ __________ _______ ________ ____ _________ ___ _________ ________ ________ _________.
___ _____ _______.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp