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The British judicial system in India, developed between the mid-18th and mid-19th century, marked a significant departure from the traditional systems of justice that had existed under the Mughals and other Indian rulers. The establishment of British authority, particularly after the Battle of Plassey (1757) and the Battle of Buxar (1764), laid the foundation for the creation of a new legal and judicial structure in the territories under British control. This system evolved over time and was characterized by its attempt to standardize, centralize, and anglicize the administration of justice in India. One of the primary characteristics of the British judicial system was the dual system of courts introduced by Warren Hastings in Bengal. This dual system comprised the Diwani Adalat for civil cases and the Faujdari Adalat for criminal cases. The Diwani courts were presided over by European judges but operated under Hindu and Muslim laws, depending on the religion of the litigants. The Faujdari courts were overseen by Indian judges under the supervision of European officials and were meant to apply Islamic criminal law. However, these courts were plagued by corruption, inefficiency, and lack of coordination, leading to frequent _________ _______ _______ ____ ___.
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