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School–community partnership is considered a cornerstone of effective schooling because it connects the academic, social, and emotional development of learners with the broader social environment in which they live. In the context of leadership for better schools, such partnerships help mobilize local resources, strengthen accountability, and create a shared vision for student success. However, despite their potential benefits, several issues may reduce the effectiveness of school–community partnerships and prevent them from achieving their intended outcomes. One of the major issues is lack of clear vision and shared goals. When school leaders and community stakeholders do not have a common understanding of the purpose and expected outcomes of the partnership, confusion and fragmentation arise. Schools may focus on academic achievement while community members may prioritize social services, cultural activities, or infrastructure development. Without alignment, efforts become scattered, and collaboration loses direction. Effective leadership requires articulating a clear mission and ensuring that all partners understand their roles, but in many cases this clarity is absent. Poor communication is another significant barrier. Communication gaps between school authorities and community members can lead to mistrust, misunderstanding, and disengagement. Schools sometimes rely on formal and one-way communication methods such as notices or meetings, which may not encourage genuine dialogue. Language barriers, low literacy levels, or lack of access to digital communication tools can further restrict participation. When information about school policies, student progress, or ____ ______ _______ ____ ______ ____ __________ ____ ______.
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