Discuss the form, extent and implications of women’s of political participation in India.

The status of Indian woman has radically changed since independence. Both the structural and cultural changes provided equality of opportunities to women in education, employment and political participation. With the help of these changes exploitation of women, to a great extent, was reduced.

More freedom and better orientation were provided to the women’s organizations to pursue their interests. Importance of researches, national policies and programmes focused on women came to be increasingly realised.

Several commissions were appointed by the Central and State governments to study the causes of low status of women and to protect their rights in various fields. The celebration of “International Women’s Year” in 1975 and the activities of UNESCO also created awareness of the problems of women.

The improvement in the status of Indian women especially after independence can be analysed in the light of the major changes that have taken place in areas such as legislations, education, economic and employment sector, political participation and awareness of their rights on the part of women, etc.

1. Constitution and Legislation in Support of Women’s Cause

a. Constitutional provision for equality to women:

The constitution of India does not discriminate between men and women. All the men and women of India are equally entitled to individual freedom, fundamental rights including the right to participate in social, cultural, religious, educational, economic and political activities.

The constitution provides for equality of sex and offers protection to women against exploitation. It has given the voting right to women and in no way treats women as second grade citizens.

b. Social legislations safeguarding women’s interests:

The Government of Independent India undertook a number of legislative measures to safeguard the interests of women. Some of them may be noted here.

(i) The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 which prohibits polygamy, polyandry and child marriage and concedes equal rights to women to divorce and to remarry.

(ii) The Hindu Succession Act, 1956 which provides for women __________ ______ _____ ________ ___ __________ ___ ___ ___ _____ ______ __________.
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