Discuss the different sections under Companies Act of 2013 related to CSR?

The Companies Act of 2013 introduced the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India, making it mandatory for certain companies to contribute towards social and environmental welfare. CSR is governed primarily by Section 135 of the Act, along with related provisions under Schedule VII and the Companies (CSR Policy) Rules, 2014. Several amendments and clarifications have been issued to enhance the implementation of CSR in India.  

### Section 135: Corporate Social Responsibility  
Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 is the key provision related to CSR. It lays down the eligibility criteria, composition of the CSR Committee, responsibilities of companies, and the mandatory expenditure requirements.  

#### Applicability of CSR Provisions  
As per Section 135(1), CSR provisions are applicable to companies that meet any of the following criteria during the immediately preceding financial year:  
- Net worth of ₹500 crore or more, or  
- Turnover of ₹1,000 crore or more, or  
- Net profit of ₹5 crore or more.  

If a company meets any of these criteria, it is required to form a CSR Committee and spend a prescribed percentage of its profits on CSR activities.  

#### CSR Committee Formation  
According to Section 135(2), eligible companies must constitute a CSR Committee consisting of at least three directors, including at least one independent director. However, for private companies and unlisted public companies, an independent director is not mandatory.  

#### CSR Policy & Expenditure  
As per Section 135(3), the CSR Committee is responsible for:  
- Formulating and recommending a CSR Policy that outlines the activities the company will undertake, as per Schedule VII of the Act.  
- Recommending the amount to be spent on CSR.  
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