Question

Discuss the 12 D concepts used in sterilizing foods.

17 Jul 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 271
The 12 D concept is a microbiological principle used in commercial sterilization of low-acid canned foods to ensure their safety by destroying heat-resistant bacterial spores, especially *Clostridium botulinum*. The letter "D" represents the decimal reduction time, which is the time required at a specific temperature ________ _______ ____ _____ ________ _______ _____ ____.
______ _______ _______ ________ _____ ___ ___ ____ _________.
___ ____ ___ ____ ________.
______ ________ _______ _____ ________.
_______ _________ __________ __________ ______ _______ ________ ____ _________.
_________ _____ ____ __________ ___ _________ _________ __________ _____ _____ ________ _____.
____ _________ ____ __________ ____ _____ ______ ________.
_________ _______ _______ _____ _______ ________.
__________ _____ ___ ________ __________ _________.
__________ ___ _________ ___ ___ _________ ________ _______ _________ _______ ________.
_________ ____ _________ __________ ____ _______.
_______ ________ ____ ________ ________ _____.
_________ _________ __________ ___ ___ _____ _________ ______ ___ _______ ___ ________.
___ ________ ____ __________ ________ ___ ___ ___ _______.
_________ _________ _______ ____ ____ _____ ________.
___ ____ __________ ___ ________.
________ ___ ________ ____ ________ _______ ________.
__________ ___ _______ _______ _______ __________ _____ _______ _________ _______ _______ ___.
____ ______ _________ _______ _______ _______ _________ ______ ___ ___.
_____ __________ ______ ____ __________ _______ __________ __________ _______ ________ ______ __________.
______ ___ ______ ________ ___ ___ _____ _______ __________.
_____ ______ ________ _____ _________ _______ __________ _________ ____ ________ ________.
_____ ______ ______ __________ _________ _________ ____ _____ ___.
__________ ________ ________ _________ ______.
_____ _____ ______ _______ _______ ____ ______ ______ ______.
___ __________ ___ ____ ___ ___ _______ ________ ___ _____.
_________ __________ _______ _____ __________ __________ ____ ____.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp
IGNOU NEWS
Assignment Submission Last Date Extended Till 30 June 2026 Click Here★★★IGNOU June 2026 TEE Date Sheet Released Click Here★★★
Top
📞
Call Support Instant phone assistance Discuss the 12 D concepts used in sterilizing foods.
→
🟢
WhatsApp Chat Fast live messaging
→
Email Us Business enquiries & support
→