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The Indian theory of translation, known as Anuvad Sidhhant, has its roots deeply embedded in classical Sanskrit literature and scholarly discourse. Unlike Western approaches that often focus on literal accuracy or stylistic equivalence, the Indian perspective emphasizes fidelity to the essence, meaning, and spirit of the original text. The earliest discussions on translation in India can be traced to scholars like Bhartrihari, whose work on language philosophy in *Vakyapadiya* highlights the relationship between words, meaning, and context, forming a theoretical foundation for translation practices. According to Bhartrihari, a translator must understand not only the literal meaning of words but also their semantic and cultural connotations. Indian translation theory distinguishes between Shabdabheda (literal word-for-word translation) and Arthabheda (sense-based translation). While ___ ___ _________ ____ ___ ___ _________ _____ ________ ________.
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