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Folklore and culture represent the living expressions of a community’s identity, collective memory, and social values. They encompass oral traditions, performing arts, rituals, customs, beliefs, proverbs, songs, and material artifacts, forming a vital link between generations. Preservation of folklore is not merely an act of safeguarding heritage; it also involves ethical and legal responsibilities. However, in practice, several major problems emerge, particularly within ethical and legal dimensions. Four key issues can be identified: intellectual property rights and ownership, cultural appropriation and misrepresentation, consent and community participation, and commercialization and commodification of folklore. The first significant problem in folklore preservation concerns intellectual property rights and ownership. Folklore is inherently communal and often evolves over generations without a single identifiable author. This communal nature clashes with modern intellectual property regimes, which prioritize individual authorship and fixed ownership. Legal frameworks, such as copyright laws, frequently fail to accommodate collective and traditional knowledge systems. Consequently, there arises a risk of unauthorized use or misappropriation of cultural expressions by researchers, institutions, or corporations. For ___ ________ ________ _________ __________ _______ ____ _________.
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