Discuss at least four Case laws on Membership.

Membership in a co-operative society forms the foundation of its democratic structure and functioning. It is governed by the Co-operative Societies Act of the respective states or by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002, at the central level. The eligibility, rights, and obligations of members are clearly defined, and case laws have played a pivotal role in interpreting these provisions. Discussed below are four important case laws that elucidate various aspects of membership under Co-operative Law.

1. Zoroastrian Co-operative Housing Society Limited v. District Registrar, Co-operative Societies (Urban) and Others (2005) 5 SCC 632

This landmark case dealt with the issue of whether a co-operative society could restrict its membership on the basis of religion. The Zoroastrian Co-operative Housing Society was established exclusively for members of the Parsi community. A non-Parsi, who had purchased property in the society, sought membership but was denied on the ground that the society’s bye-laws permitted only Parsis to become members.

The Supreme Court held that a co-operative society, being a voluntary association, could set its own membership rules as long as they were consistent with the law under which the society was registered. It was observed that the right to form associations under Article 19(1)(c) of the Constitution included the right to determine the association's composition. The Court opined that unless the restrictions were contrary to public policy or violated a statutory provision, the society's decision to restrict membership based on religion was valid.

This case is significant because it emphasized the autonomy of co-operative societies in determining their membership criteria, even when _______ ___ __________ _______ ___ _____ _______ ___ _________.
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