Differentiate between the concept of association and causation.

Association and Causation:

Association: Association refers to a statistical relationship between two variables, where changes in the value of one variable are related to changes in the value of another variable. When two variables are associated, their occurrences tend to happen together more frequently than expected by chance. However, association alone does not imply a cause-and-effect relationship. It indicates that there is a connection between the variables, but it does not establish the direction or reason for the relationship.

For example, there might be an association between ice cream sales and the number of drowning incidents in a region during the summer months. ________ ______ _____ ______ ____ ______ ________ _____.
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