Describe various dimensions of urban crime. Suggest measures for strengthening urban safety and security.

Cities have been associated with prosperity and power since time immemorial. As a result, they have also been targets of high threat. Further, they are also agglomerations of people and resources of various kinds. They lend a certain anonymity to people and thus just as cities encourage innovations, cities also facilitate the commission of crime and deviant behavior. Contradictorily, cities also are a site of regulation and maintenance of law and order. It is these contradictions that shape the various trajectories of crime and safety through different periods in history.

Important points to us that the history of crime and punishment has as much to do with the perpetuation of institutions of power and control in society as the knowledge of how to punish and regulate more effectively. This means three things. Firstly, the definition of what constitutes crime and the labeling of criminals is a social act. For example, encroachment is a crime, because there is a law that accepts private property. Bigamy becomes a crime only when society places a value on monogamy. Our evolving understanding of what constitutes crime thus actively shapes trajectories of crime. Secondly, the distribution of power and control in society moulds the labeling of criminals, justicing and punishment. The contours of crime and who are the criminals and which criminals get apprehended and _________ ___ ________ ____ _______ _______ __________ ___ _____ _______ _________.
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