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Urban informal settlements, often referred to as slums, squatter settlements, or shantytowns, are residential areas where the inhabitants lack legal ownership or rights to the land and the housing conditions are inadequate. These settlements are a result of rapid urbanization, poverty, and weak urban governance. They vary in form and function and are characterized by poor access to basic services like water, sanitation, electricity, and secure housing. Understanding the typology of urban informal settlements and the causes behind their formation is essential for designing effective urban planning and development interventions. ### Typology of Urban Informal Settlements Informal settlements are diverse and reflect different socio-economic, political, and spatial dynamics of a city. Based on several criteria such as location, legality, construction material, tenure status, and development stage, the typology of informal settlements can be classified as follows: 1. Squatter Settlements These are formed through the unauthorized occupation of vacant land, usually on the periphery of the city or in hazardous locations like floodplains or hill slopes. The residents typically construct makeshift shelters using temporary materials. Over time, some squatter settlements may improve structurally and even gain partial recognition by local authorities. 2. Slums in Notified or Recognized Areas These settlements _____ ___ _____ _________ _______ _____ ______ __________ ________ __________ _______ ___.
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